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Compare Christmas Island (2001) - Niue (2002)

Compare Christmas Island (2001) z Niue (2002)

 Christmas Island (2001)Niue (2002)
 Christmas IslandNiue
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products NA coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
135 sq km

land:
135 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 260 sq km


land: 260 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. The phosphate mine, closed in 1987, was reopened four years later, but the need for an alternative industry has spurred investment in tourism. Old mining areas are being restored, and almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002) with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues:
$NA

expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital The Settlement Alofi
Climate tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Coastline 138.9 km 64 km
Constitution Christmas Island Act of 1958 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Christmas Island

conventional short form:
Christmas Island		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Niue


former: Savage Island
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $NA $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Economy - overview Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened by union workers. With the support of the government, Australian-based Casinos Austria International Ltd. built a $34 million casino on Christmas Island, which opened in 1993. As of yearend 1999, gaming facilities at the casino were temporarily closed but were expected to reopen in early 2000. Another economic prospect is the possible location of a space-launching site on the island. The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 will be about $2.6 million.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 2.79 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production NA kWh 3 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Murray Hill 361 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Environment - current issues NA increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.7995 (January 2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996) New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general

head of government:
Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia		 chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)


head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers


elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005)


election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI)30%
Exports $NA $137,200 (1999)
Exports - commodities phosphate canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Exports - partners Australia, NZ NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross
GDP purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: 55%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% -0.3% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 10 30 S, 105 40 E 19 02 S, 169 52 W
Geography - note located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean one of world's largest coral islands
Highways total:
140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)

paved:
30 km

unpaved:
110 km (1999)		 total: 234 km


paved: 86 km


unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $NA $2.38 million (1999)
Imports - commodities consumer goods food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs
Imports - partners principally Australia NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US
Independence none (territory of Australia) on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 1% (1995) (1995)
International organization participation none ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Labor force NA NA
Labor force - by occupation tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
NA%

permanent crops:
NA%

permanent pastures:
NA%

forests and woodland:
NA%

other:
NA%

note:
mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park		 arable land: 19.23%


permanent crops: 7.69%


other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Languages English, Chinese, Malay Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Legal system under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law English common law


note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Legislative branch unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)

elections:
last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9		 unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)


elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
National holiday NA Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun:
Christmas Islander(s)

adjective:
Christmas Island		 noun: Niuean(s)


adjective: Niuean
Natural hazards the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard typhoons
Natural resources phosphate fish, arable land
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders none Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 2,771 (July 2001 est.) 2,134 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 7.77% (2001 est.) 0.5% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Flying Fish Cove none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1,000 (1997) 1,000 (1997)
Railways 24 km to serve phosphate mines 0 km
Religions Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% (1991) Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio - NA
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service		 domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use NA 376 (1991)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1999) 0 (1991)
Television broadcast stations NA 1 (1997)
Terrain steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate NA% NA%
Waterways none none
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